Provide Terra with your desired ISO rating. We will tailor the product to meet your rating and certify it with the serial numbers appended to your invoice, to be included in your compliance package.
BioSafe® design eliminates cracks and crevices where microbes can collect and colonize
Fully-welded, no assembly required
Bull-nose rounded table top increases operator comfort, reduces particulate shedding from abrasive edges
Heavy-duty table tested by UL with 3,600lbs for 3x safety factor and 1,200lb rating
This document provides a description of the electropolishing procedures performed by Terra Universal. It also specifies a series of criteria for evaluating the integrity and cleanliness of the electropolished surfaces. Because these electropolishing procedures are followed on all work performed by Terra Universal, the results may be understood as indicative of standard Terra Universal electropolishing, and the specified evaluation criteria may be used as acceptance standards for work performed by Terra Universal.
Introduction
Electropolishing is a reverse plating procedure that entails the electrochemical removal of metal (including carbon, silica, iron, and other impurities) from a stainless steel surface.
Prior to electropolishing, parts are mechanically prepared to ensure optimal results. All welds are ground, deburred, and inspected to ensure that all seams are free of pockets or gaps. Finally, selected surfaces are mechanically buffed to a smooth finish.
Next, the part is fitted with electrodes, immersed in an electrolyte solution, and subjected to a direct electrical current. During this electrolytic process, the metallic surface of the the anodic part is removed ion by ion, yielding a nickel and chromium-rich surface free of microscopic “peaks” or “valleys” that could lead to metal fatigue or contamination. Optimal results depend on careful control over the current density, the precise chemical composition of the electrolytic solution, and the temperature and agitation of the bath, and the duration of current exposure.
Unlike mechanically finished stainless steel, electropolished surfaces feature no fine directional lines and hence offer less friction and surface drag. The chromium-rich surface offers excellent light reflection, yielding a bright, smooth and uniform polish.
Electropolishing Procedures
Terra Universal electropolishing is carefully controlled in each of the following areas to ensure the finest results possible.
Material Selection: Terra Universal electropolishing is performed on 304 stainless steel with either a 2B or 4 mill finish. This material standard minimizes the presence of sulfide inclusions and other subsurface contaminants and end-grain or large-grain surfaces that can produce a frosty appearance following electropolishing. Incoming material is also inspected for improper annealing, overpickling, heat scale, and directional roll marks, all of which are accentuated by electropolishing.
Precleaning and Postcleaning: For optimal results, it is important that all surfaces be uniformly exposed to the electrolyte solution, but also that provisions be made to remove all traces of the solution following electropolishing. Failure to remove the solution can result in subsequent outgassing unacceptable in a clean room environment.
Stainless steel parts intended for electropolishing are designed with these requirements in mind. All welds are carefully inspected to ensure continuous seams, free of pits or gaps where the solution could collect, and all hollow members are drilled to permit effective flushing of the solution after electropolishing.
Because the electropolishing process removes only a very thin surface layer (typically between 0.001" and 0.0001"), selected surfaces are mechanically buffed, using progressively finer grits to produce the smoothest possible finish.
Following electropolishing, all traces of the electrolyte solution are thoroughly removed from the part, and any hollow cavities are flushed to eliminate the chance of subsequent outgassing. Surfaces are then dried and buffed with a soft, non-particulating cloth.
Process Controls: The more rigorously the electropolishing process variables are controlled, the higher the quality that can be expected in the finished product.
Some of these variables are relatively easy to quantify and monitor, although some variation must be exercised in response to a given sample in order to produce the optimal results.
Electrolyte Bath: The chemistry of the bath must be constantly monitored, with special attention to the specific gravity (an indicator of water content), the acid concentration, and the metals content.
Current: A supply of clean, ripple-free DC power must be available to drive the process, as well as appropriately sized cables and connectors to the anodes and cathodes. Current density (amperes/square foot) must be carefully monitored and regulated.
For other variables, effective control depends on significant experience. Attention to these considerations, combined with close adherence to the procedures mentioned above, results in a truly superior electropolished finish.
Electrode Positioning: Electrode placement is critical to the success of the electropolishing process. Although electrode clamping of objects with a uniform geometrical shape is generally a straightforward task, irregularly shaped objects, which often contain inaccessible cavities or areas exposed to low current densities, present special challenges. Only an experienced technician, equipped with versatile electrode fittings, can ensure optimal results in these situations.
Electrolyte Temperature: Varying situations may call for varying temperatures, and heating and/or cooling during the electropolishing process may be required.
Electrolyte Agitation: Only an experienced technician possesses the knowledge of where, when and how to agitate either the electrolyte or the part in order to prevent gassing streaks, flow marks, and similar unacceptable surface anomalies.
Current Duration: The optimal duration of current exposure depends on the part size and shape. Again, only an experienced electropolisher can control this variable to produce the best results.
Performance Evaluation Parameters
Visual Inspection: The first and most obvious test of the effectiveness of the electropolishing is a close visual inspection. In a closely controlled process performed on high-quality material that is adequately prepared for electropolishing, the surface will appear uniformly brilliant, with no detectable pits, streaks, erosion, "frosting", or other anomalies.
Unlike mechanical buffing, which distorts the surface of the metal and may conceal the material’s true characteristics, electropolishing reveals the imperfections in the structure of the stainless steel. Electropolishing will accentuate any welding flaws, and a nonuniform appearance indicates a high volume of inclusions or a large-grained grade of stainless steel.
Micrographs: A better test of the integrity of the surface is provided by photomicrographs of the surface. Although a highly buffed (such as a No. 8 mil finish) sample and an electropolished sample may appear equally brilliant to the unaided eye, the differences between the two are apparent when they are viewed under very high magnifications. The sample micrographs below, taken at 1,000X, dramatically illustrate the smooth, featureless surface that results from electropolishing.
Before Electropolishing
This photomicrograph represents the surface of 304 stainless steel with a No. 2B mill finish before Electropolishing. Note that the etched boundaries between the grains are only partially sealed, resulting in a network of sub-surface crevices. Contaminants that lodge in these crevices are protected from contact with cleaning agents leading to subsequent migration of trapped contaminants onto the cleaned surface.
After Electropolishing
This photomicrograph represents the same No. 2B surface after Electropolishing. Note that the surface is now completely featureless on a microscopic level and has the desired noncontaminating, non-particulating and non-sticking properties.
Before Electropolishing
This photomicrograph represents a 304 stainless steel surface with a mechanically polished No. 4 mill finish before Electropolishing. Note the deep grooves, cavities, torn metal and other microscopic imperfections that entrap and retain contaminants.
After Electropolishing
This photomicrograph represents the same No. 4 finish after Electropolishing. The surface may still show some of the abrasiveproduced topography to the naked eye, but will now be microscopically featureless with the desired non-contaminating, non particulating and non-sticking properties.
Provide Terra with your desired ISO rating. We will tailor the product to meet your rating and certify it with the serial numbers appended to your invoice, to be included in your compliance package.
BioSafe® design eliminates cracks and crevices where microbes can collect and colonize
Fully-welded, no assembly required
Bull-nose rounded table top increases operator comfort, reduces particulate shedding from abrasive edges
Heavy-duty table tested by UL with 3,600lbs for 3x safety factor and 1,200lb rating
Exceeds ASTM, IEST, ISO 14644-1, cGMP and GLP requirements.
Stainless steel resists harsh biocides and alcohol-based cleaners.
Standard "A" base has legs at each corner.
Cleanroom tables available in 304 stainless steel; upgrade to 316L stainless steel for increased corrosion resistance.
Perforated tops feature 0.25"-diameter perforations. Perforations open up 40% of the total surface for airflow.
Recessed legs ("C" base) available as a custom option; improves operator comfort.
Cleanroom workbench design tested by UL to meet compliance standards for durability, stability and safety standards from BIFMA (Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association) and ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials).
Adjustable nylon leveling feet resist broad range of chemicals.
Electropolished and Perforated BioSafe® Stainless Steel Cleanroom Table
Custom Electropolished 304 Stainless Steel Sink Station, Backsplash and Shelf
Custom Work Station, BioSafe®; 304 Stainless Steel, 73" W x 38.5" D x 35" H
Electropolished and perforated BioSafe® ISO 4 stainless steel cleanroom table inside a gowning room adds versatility when extra table space is needed | 9604-61 displayedElectropolished and Perforated BioSafe® Stainless Steel Cleanroom TableElectropolished and perforated BioSafe® stainless steel cleanroom table inside a gowning room adds versatility when extra table space is needed.
Custom electropolished 304 stainless steel station with the sink on the left side, 12” backsplash with recessed top and low perforated shelf | 9607-34 displayedCustom Electropolished 304 Stainless Steel Sink Station, Backsplash and ShelfElectropolished 304 SS sink station provides excellent chemical resistance to withstand frequent cleaning, and the recessed-top backsplash and lipped edge of the surface minimize liquid spills. The perforated shelf reduces particle accumulation and provides storage space.
Custom BioSafe® workstation featuring set of heavy duty casters | 9603-07 displayedCustom Work Station, BioSafe®; 304 Stainless Steel, 73" W x 38.5" D x 35" HCustom BioSafe® workstation featuring set of heavy duty casters
Here at Terra Universal, we’ve made it our mission to offer the best possible lead times in the industry. In addition to aggressive stocking programs and streamlined fulfillment, Terra Universal also offers several services that ensure you receive your products as quickly as possible.
Terra Quick Ship Plus Service
Terra's QuickShip Program includes thousands of in-stock, ready-to-ship, ready-for-delivery products.
Examples of Quick Ship Plus-eligible products include:
The Quick Ship Plus service is available for orders of in-stock, turnkey products that do not require any additional assembly before shipment. This service guarantees that the order will be delivered on or before the date indicated, or the charges for the Quick Ship Plus service will be refunded in full upon the client's approved request.
This guarantee does not cover any direct, special, consequential, or other damages, and is strictly limited to 100% of the amount paid for the Quick Ship Plus service. In alignment with FasTrak programs, In the case that shipment delays arise due to factors that are within Terra's control, Terra will refund up to 100% of the Quick Ship Plus fees. This guarantee does NOT cover direct, special, consequential or other damages and is strictly limited to 100% of the amount paid for Quick Ship Plus service.
Terra's BioSafe products are designed for the most critical applications: no gaps and crevices where microbes colonize, rounded corners for easy disinfection, won't produce contaminants during sterilization, and exceeds cGMP, IEST, ASTM and ISO 14644-1 requirements.
High Caliber Hardware
Seemingly small details like latches, ports, glides and hinges are often overlooked or ignored by other manufacturers, and later become the point of costly recurring maintenance or equipment failure. Terra’s products are made of long lasting, cleanroom compatible, top tier hardware. Individual components are carefully designed and rigorously tested to guarantee the highest quality, durability, and craftsmanship.
Non-Marking and Chemical Resistant Adjustable Nylon Feet
Cleanroom compatible non-marking feet prevent damage to cleanroom flooring. The chemical resistant Nylon plastic base provides a smooth non-abrasive surface to protect floors. Wide diameter pads provide solid leveling and support. The stainless steel threaded shaft allows for quick adjustment without tools to fix tilting or wobbling. Tightening nuts above each Nylon base help clamp and secure each foot to prevent “unwinding”.
OpenTop Perforated Top
Hidden reinforcements minimize dead spots, add strength, and eliminate deflection without dead spaces whereas conventional perforated tops rely on “blank out” support panels, which create turbulence in cleanroom laminar flow.
Bull-Nose Rounded Edge Comparison
Terra's one-piece bull-nose rounded edges increase operator comfort and reduce particulate shedding caused by sharp or abrasive edges. The smooth, continuous-seam welds also eliminate cracks and crevices that can harbor contaminants.
Continuous-Seam Welds for Stringent Cleanliness
Continuous-seam welds provide a smooth finish that is easy to clean. Eliminates the migration of contaminants and microbes, accumulated during the manufacturing process, from cracks and crevices into the cleanroom environment.
ISO 5 Stainless Steel Cleanroom Tables with Perforated Tops
Stainless Steel Cleanroom Tables with Perforated Tops use 0.25”-diameter cut-outs that open up 40% of the surface for airflow (optional “C” base shown).
ISO 5 UL-Tested Cleanroom Workbenches for Highest Quality and Safety
Ensuring the safety of your personnel and equipment is essential. UL is recognized around the world as the leader in product safety testing and certification. Terra’s cleanroom workbenches are tested by UL to meet the strictest safety and stability standards.
Continuous Product Improvement
At Terra, we strive to develop and produce the highest quality products for our customers to improve health, safety, performance, and yields. Our product quality is enabled by high-grade manufacturing equipment and processes, 45 years of engineering and application expertise, and our commitment to continuously improve.
Heavy-Duty Fully-Welded Design, No Assembly Required
Fully-assembled cleanroom workstations minimize contamination introduction via assemblers, tools, or dirty assembly environments. U-shaped channels underneath the table support heavy loads and help keep the tabletop flat. The welded leg-bracing eliminates instability and protects the leg posts from damage and warping.
Products Compliant With Your ISO Rating
Provide Terra with your desired ISO rating. We will tailor the product to meet your rating and certify it with the serial numbers appended to your invoice, to be included in your compliance package.
Available Accessories
Popular Accessories
For a full list of accessories, select a product then click Choose Accessories on that product page.
Adjustable Swing Arm for Flat Monitor
An optional articulating monitor arm easily positions your flat panel monitor above the desk for a clean workspace and improved ergonomic comfort. The adaptable base allows for several mounting configurations.
ISO-Rated BioSafe Tilting Footrest Maximum 27 Degree Platform Tilt
The footrest has a wide range of possible angles, accommodating any type of workstation setup and allowing users some ability to stretch and flex as they work.
Drawer Unit
Modular drawers are compatible with all stainless steel, powder-coated or laminate top tables.
Electropolish Finish
Electropolishing increases corrosion resistance and improves ease of cleaning with a smooth, reflective, mirror-like finish. You can see the difference in reflection from the catalog placed on the table.
Cleanroom Compliant White Polyolefin Casters with 304 Stainless Steel Yokes
White, non-marking, non-staining Polyolefin wheels are resistant to most common acids and solvents, and are cleanable with steam or detergent. They meet USFDA food contact substance regulations, and are suitable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
On a tight schedule?Choose FasTrak 24/7 Priority Service to help meet your critical schedule for Terra-manufactured products, either before or after your order is placed.*
FasTrak 24/7 provides a 24/7 commitment to meet the shipping date YOU specify, regardless of quoted lead times.
FasTrak 24/7 assigns a dedicated production team plus a dedicated senior expeditor working three shifts to meet your delivery specification.
FasTrak 24/7 guarantees* to meet the agreed-to specified ship date.
Call for pricing. FasTrak service fees cover costs of additional services only, without additional profit.
* Terra's FasTrak services limited guarantee: to ship on the ESD or date specified OR to refund up to 100% of FasTrak charges. This guarantee covers no direct, special, consequential or other damages and is strictly limited to up to 100% of the amount paid for FasTrak service. When a specified ship date is missed due to factors outside Terra's control (vendor performance, deliveries by shipping companies, etc.) and random factors such as accidents, the credit of up to 100% of the FasTrak 24/7 may not apply. FasTrak service requested after order placement will be quoted and accepted based on available time remaining before required ship date.