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- Browse Terra Universal's overview chart to pinpoint the ideal product for your application.Close
- Browse Terra Universal's overview chart to pinpoint the ideal product for your application.Close
- Circulators and chillers for precise temperature control of external instruments such as polarimeters, evaporators and photometersCirculator Features Overview
What Does a Lab Circulator Do?
Laboratory circulators and chillers precisely control the temperature of deionized water, bath fluid, or PH-neutral buffer for delivery to integrated or external water baths, analytical instruments, incubators, and wet processing stations.
What Is A Laboratory Circulator Used For?
Lab circulators, common in life science research, drug discovery, material testing, wafer production, and wet chemistry, are used to cool or chill samples, thaw reagents or cell media, and supply temperature-controlled water to external equipment.
Open vs Enclosed Lab Recirculators and Chillers
Lab circulators and chillers include a fluid reservoir connected to a cooling or heating system regulated by a digital or analog controller. The integral reservoir, or water bath, may be open for easy access or enclosed by a gable cover to prevent heat loss. Certain circulators include a pump to deliver water to external equipment, such as refractometers, photometers, or viscometers.
What Is A Laboratory Immersion Circulator?
Immersion circulators are handheld systems designed to clamp onto water baths to regulate bath temperature.
Immersion circulators include a cooling or heating coil, integral pump, and digital or analog controller to regulate temperature and flow rate.
What is the Benefit of an Immersion Circulator Bath?
Immersion circulators are economical alternatives to lab circulators or chillers, but do not include integral water baths and provide limited flow rates and cooling/heating capabilities.
A - Lab Circulator Maximum Temperature
(back to chart)Laboratory circulators and chillers include heating systems to precisely control the temperature of the water, buffer, or bath fluid.
What is the Average Lab Circulator Peak Temperature?
Lab circulators commonly heat fluid to 150°C.
Julabo’s PRESTO circulators can achieve temperature set points up to 250°C. Common applications for heating circulators include food stability testing, medical device quality analysis, and forced aging studies.
B - Lab Chiller Minimum Temperature
(back to chart)What Lab Chiller Applications and Uses Are Most Common?
Applications for lab chillers include cell freezing, blood banking, and pour point determination of petroleum products.
What is the Lowest Achievable Lab Chiller Temperature?
Laboratory chillers, or refrigerated circulators, include cooling coils to chill bath fluid or lab-grade water. Lab chillers commonly cool fluid down to -20°C.
Julabo’s PRESTO circulators can maintain temperatures down to -80°C.
C - Lab Circulator Capacity
(back to chart)Lab circulator capacity refers to the volume of liquid safely stored and processed by the system.
Lab Benchtop Chiller Capacity
Julabo’s Cryo-Compact chillers are low-throughput benchtop chiller systems that accommodate fluid volumes under 10 liters.
Free Standing Lab Circulator Capacity
Julabo’s FL Series circulators are high-throughput, free-standing systems that accommodate fluid volumes up to 50 liters.
D - Voltage
(back to chart)120-volt connections are suitable for standard laboratory power outlets in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and South America.
208-volt or 240-volt connections, common in Mainland Europe and throughout Asia, require less current (amperage) and smaller conductors than equipment designed to operate at 120-volt.
E - Lab Circulator Configuration
(back to chart)E1 - Immersion Circulator
Immersion circulators, like Julabo’s CORIO C Series, are placed within external water baths to mix and precisely control the temperature of the bath fluid. Immersion circulators are more cost-effective than benchtop circulators and more flexible: one immersion circulator can control multiple water baths within a single lab, given the baths aren’t operated simultaneously. However, immersion circulators cannot achieve the flow rates and temperature ranges of a benchtop circulator.
E2 - Open Bath Heating Circulators
Open bath circulators, like Julabo’s CORIO CD Series, include an integral, exposed water bath regulated by a digital controller. Open bath circulators provide easier sample access than enclosed bath circulators but may be prone to heat loss or larger temperature fluctuations. Common applications include temperature control of measurement cells, heating glassware, and material testing.
CORIO™ CD Refrigerated/Heating Circulators by Julabo
CORIO™ CD Heating Circulators by Julabo
E3 - Recirculating Chiller
Recirculating chillers contain enclosed water baths, cooling and/or heating coils, and digital control systems. Recirculating chillers include pump systems to deliver fluid to external equipment, such as wet processing stations, water-jacketed incubators, photometers, and refractometers. More expensive than immersion or open bath circulators, recirculating chillers provide large bath capacities, higher flow rates, broader temperature ranges and tighter set point tolerances.
F - Lab Bath Tank Material
(back to chart)F1 - Polycarbonate Lab Bath
Transparent polycarbonate baths are more cost-effective and provide better sample visualization than stainless steel baths. However, polycarbonate baths support limited temperature ranges, typically between -20°C and 100°C.
F2 - Stainless Steel Lab Bath
Stainless steel baths help maintain aseptic conditions, resist acids and solvents, and support broader temperature ranges than polycarbonate baths.
G - Lab Circulator Power and Wattage
(back to chart)Lab circulator power, listed in Watts (W), corresponds to the heat load capacity of the system.
Heat energy removed or applied to the fluid drives the maintainable temperature range of the system. Common lab circulators feature heat loads between 250 and 2,000 Watts.
Julabo’s PRESTO circulators include heat loads up to 2,700 Watts and, thus, industry-leading temperature ranges (-80°C - 250°C).
Where Can I Buy Lab Circulators and Chillers Online?
Laboratory-Equipment.com is a specialty division of Terra Universal. For nearly 40 years, Terra Universal has served the life science, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device markets. Customers appreciate a worldwide network of reps, factory-direct support, and ready-to-ship items available from Terra's on-shore manufacturing and warehouse facilities in Fullerton, California.
Shop lab chillers and circulators online for a wide variety of pharmaceutical, laboratory, life science research, and analytical environments. Terra specialists are able to provide support and expertise among many applications including life science research, drug discovery, material testing, wafer production, and wet chemistry.
U.S. Customer Service
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (714) 578-6016Contact a Laboratory-equipment.com specialist through web chat, email, or phone for pricing or a same-day quote.
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- Benchtop single-block and multi-block dry baths for sample heating and incubation by Thermo Fisher, Torrey Pines, Benchmark Scientific and VITLDry Baths Features Overview
What is a Laboratory Dry Bath?
Dry baths contain a heating element connected to a removable, machined metal block designed to hold microplates, test tubes, ampules or vials.
Digital Dry Baths
Digital dry baths include a digital controller mounted to the front of the unit that defines temperature and shaking speed parameters and alerts users of completed runs. Dry baths, like water baths, are used for sample thawing, reagent warming, and microbiological assays by clinical labs, academic research facilities, and drug development companies.
Dry Bath Blocks, Tubes, and Vials
Each metal block is manufactured to store a specific tube style or size, from 1.5 ml flip-cap tubes to 96-well microplates. The metal blocks are removable and may be quickly swapped to accommodate protocols calling for different tubes or vials.
Dry baths, or block heaters, offer included or optional covers to protect samples from exposure and prevent heat loss. For samples requiring temporary cold storage, certain dry baths contain cooling coils to maintain temperatures down to -20°C.
What are the Advantages of Laboratory Dry Baths vs Lab Water Baths?
Dry baths offer several advantages over water baths or immersion circulators. As dry baths don’t contain water or bath fluid, they are better suited to protect samples against cross-contamination. Sample blocks can be removed and autoclaved to further disinfect the unit, making dry baths suitable for aseptic research areas. Since the sample blocks are designed to securely hold specific tubes, dry blocks are optimal for heating open containers, such as test tubes or PCR plates. As sample blocks are directly connected to the heating element, dry baths heat to a set temperature in 15 – 30 minutes, while water baths may require 2 hours to reach a set point.
A - Maximum Dry Bath Temperature
(back to chart)Standard dry baths maintain a temperature range of 5°C above ambient to 100°C.
However, specialized heating blocks, such as Thermo Fisher’s Touchscreen Baths, reach temperatures up to 130°C for substrate melting or enzyme denaturing.
Refrigerated dry baths cool samples down to -20°C for temporary cold storage or warming of low melting point solvents. All Terra dry bath models include over-temperature controls and audible alarms to alert the user when the temperature exceeds set point.
Shop Dry Baths by Temperature Range
B - Dry Bath Block Positions
(back to chart)Dry baths contain interchangeable aluminum blocks designed to hold specific vessel styles and sizes, from 10 ml flat-bottom tubes to 50ml conical vials.
For low-throughput research labs, compact dry baths include nesting positions for 1 or 2 removable blocks.
For high-throughput labs processing hundreds of samples concurrently, high-capacity dry baths include positions for up to 4 blocks.
MCertain multi-block models, such as Benchmark’s IsoBlock dry baths, include separate digital controls for each block to support discrete simultaneous assays.
Models like Torrey Pines’ ECHOtherm IC22 utilize sample covers to completely isolate the individual blocks and further protect samples from cross-contamination
Compare Dry Baths by Block Type
C - Dry Bath Maximum Shaking Speed
(back to chart)The Torrey Pines’ ECHOtherm SC25 provides orbital mixing up to 1,000 rpm for sample mixing, cell suspension or dissolution testing.
Shaking dry baths include magnets installed on the corners of the unit to hold the aluminum blocks in place during high-speed mixing.
D - Dry Bath Voltage
(back to chart)120-volt connections are suitable for standard laboratory power outlets in the United States.
240-volt connections, common in Mainland Europe, require less current (amperage) and smaller conductors than equipment designed to operate at 120-volt.
E - Special Dry Bath Applications and Features
(back to chart)E1 - Refrigerated Dry BathsDry BathRefrigeration
For enzyme deactivation or temporary DNA sample storage, chilling dry baths utilize cooling coils to maintain temperatures down to -20°C. Refrigerated dry baths obviate the need for labs to employ a separate ice bucket for sample chilling.
E2 - Dry Baths with Touchscreen Display
Dry baths with touchscreen interfaces allow saved, password-protected profiles and programmable temperature control protocols.
E3 - Dry Baths Saved Programs
Programmable dry baths include onboard software, with password-protected profiles, to define and quickly recall saved temperature control programs.
E4 - Isolated Dry Bath Blocks
Multi-block dry baths are designed to fully isolate the individual heating blocks for samples prone to cross-contamination.
E5 - Dry Bath Sample Covers
Block lids protect samples from exposure to ambient lab conditions and ensure a high degree of temperature uniformity.
Where Can I Buy Laboratory Dry Baths Online?
Laboratory-Equipment.com is a specialty division of Terra Universal. For nearly 40 years, Terra Universal has served semiconductor, aerospace, life science, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device markets. Customers appreciate a worldwide network of reps, factory-direct support, and ready-to-ship items available from Terra's manufacturing and warehouse facilities in Fullerton, California.
Shop online to compare pricing, features, and selection for a wide variety of lab dry baths, chillers, heaters, plates and stirrer equipment for applications including general laboratory, PCR, DNA/RNA techniques, ELISA, protein analysis, and cell culture.
Shop Dry Baths by Product Family
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- Water baths from Thermo Fisher and Benchmark for reagent incubation, cell culture, media prep and sample heatingWater Baths Features Overview
What is a Wet Bath and What is It Used For?
Water baths, or wet baths, consist of a stainless steel basin filled with heated water and equipped with a digital controller. Water baths are used for sample thawing, reagent warming, substrate melting, coliform determinations, and bacteriological assays by clinical labs, academic research facilities, environmental testing laboratories, and food product quality control testers.
Water Bath Laboratory Uses and Applications
Water baths are manufactured in four principal designs: static baths for reagent warming, shaking baths for cell culture and hybridization, stirring baths for substrate melting, and circulating baths for enzymatic assays.
What's the Difference Between a Wet Bath and Dry Bath?
Water baths (wet baths) offer several advantages over dry baths with block heaters. Water baths accommodate any appropriately-sized sample container, including troughs, buckets, and high-capacity culture tubes. Unlike dry baths with fixed block inserts, wet baths provide the flexibility to store different-sized tubes concurrently. As water baths provide a larger surface area than dry blocks, samples are heated in a shorter duration of time. Since water baths store more heat than dry baths, temperature fluctuations are reduced. Wet baths, however, are more prone to water-borne contamination, so the basin must be disinfected regularly to prevent bacterial growth.
A - Water Bath Maximum Temperature
(back to chart)Standard water baths maintain temperatures from 5°C above ambient to 100°C. Without external heating equipment, water baths cannot attain temperatures above 100°C. As water is an excellent conductor of heat, wet baths preserve a high degree of temperature uniformity throughout the basin (with tolerances down to 0.2°C). Digital LED controllers provide real-time readouts of bath conditions and trigger audible alarms when temperatures exceed user-selected set points.
Browse Water Baths by Temperature Rating
B - Laboratory Water Bath Tank Capacity
(back to chart)The tank capacity is the volume of water, or thermal beads, safely held within the water bath’s steel basin. Low-throughput baths hold 2 liters of fluid while high-throughput baths hold up to 12 liters of fluid. Certain models offer included or optional sample racks or tube blocks to maximize the storage capacity of the bath.
Compare Water Baths by Tank Volume
C - Maximum Water Bath Shaking Speed
(back to chart)Shaking water baths are optimal for cell culture, hybridizations assays and environmental sample testing. The water bath shakes the basin in an orbital motion to promote mixing of bacterial samples, cell media or reagents during thawing or warming procedures. Low-speed baths maintain shaking speeds of 200 rpm for samples diluted in PH-neutral buffer or DI water. High-speed baths maintain shaking speeds of 500 rpm for viscous reagents or cell growth media.
Compare: SB-12L Shaking Water Baths
D - Voltage
(back to chart)D1 – 120V Water Baths
120-volt connections are suitable for standard residential power outlets in the US.
D2 – 240V Water Baths
240-volt connections require less current (amperage) and smaller conductors than appliances designed to operate at 120V.
E - Application-Specific Water Bath Features
(back to chart)E1 - Water Bath Sample Racks
Certain models offer included or optional sample racks configured to maximize storage of 2.0 ml flip-cap tubes, 15 ml centrifuge tubes, or 50 ml culture tubes.
E2 - Water Baths with Drain Ports
Drain ports support easy cleaning of the basin, simplify fluid refills, and protect the work area from water spills. For baths located away from sinks or liquid waste containers, optional tubing connects to the drain port for easy fluid disposal.
E3 - Water Baths with Gable Cover
Clear gable covers protect samples from outside contaminants, accommodate glassware and tubes of varying sizes, simplify sample loading, prevent condensation build-up and inhibit heat escape.
E4 - Water Baths with Self-Calibration
Benchmark’s myBath and BeadBath Duo include Quick-CAL programming to define user-selected or automatic temperature calibration. Monthly or quarterly temperature calibrations ensure that the bath is performing according to specification.
E5 - Water Baths with Digital Display
Digital controllers include real-time LED readouts of bath conditions, audible alarms if the temperature exceeds the user-defined set point range, and over-temperature controls to protect samples from overheating. Certain digital controllers allow users to define and save programs for quick recall.
E6 - Thermal Beads for Wet Baths
Thermal beads are dry metal beads used in non-shaking, static wet baths as an alternative to water. As compared with water or bath fluid, thermal beads are more resistant to bacterial growth, but less effective in achieving temperature uniformity. For samples prone to cross contamination, thermal beads are often used instead of water.
Where Can I Buy Laboratory Water Baths Online?
Laboratory-Equipment.com is a speciality division of Terra Universal. For nearly 40 years, Terra Universal has served semiconductor, aerospace, life science, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device markets. Customers appreciate a worldwide network of reps, factory-direct support, and ready-to-ship items available from Terra's manufacturing and warehouse facilities in Fullerton, California.
Shop online to compare pricing, features, and selection for a wide variety of water baths, chillers, hot plates, and stirrer equipment for applications including reagent incubation, cell culture, media prep and sample heating.
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Bath and Chiller Features
PRESTO A40 Temperature Control System by Julabo
Unit provides continuous operation up to +40°C ambient in environments requiring precise external temperature control or rapid temperature changes
Digital Dry Baths, Single Block Heater
Thermo Fisher Digital Dry Baths include onboard time and temperature control. Single-block, dual-block and four-block models available.
Touchscreen Dry Baths by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Programmable Touchscreen Dry Baths store up to 10 user-set programs; password protection and an optional over-temperature sensor ideal for sample protection
Julabo CORIO CD-BT27 Heating Circulator with Open Bath
CORIO™ CD Heating Circulators with open baths include PID temperature control for accuracy and stability, as well as a USB port for data-logging.
Julabo CORIO C-B5 Open Heating Bath Circulator
Designed for internal heating applications, Julabo CORIO C Open Heating Bath Circulator has a working temperature of up to 100°C; stainless steel and Plexiglas tanks available with optional bath cover
Benchmark Scientific SB-12L Shaking Water Bath
Shaking water bath can reach a maximum temperature of 80°C, maximum shaking speed of 200 rpm. Bath can hold up to 40 x 0.5 ml bottles.
Bath and Chiller Product Lines
Digital Heating/Cooling Drybath by Thermo Fisher Scientific- Julabo CORIO CD-201F Refrigerated and Heating Circulator
- VITL Flexi-Therm Dry Block Heater
- myBath Digital Water Baths by Benchmark Scientific
- Compact Digital Dry Bath by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Programmable Digital Heating/Cooling Drybath by Thermo Fisher Scientific features an interval-shaking motion and a 10 program storage capacity Digital Heating/Cooling Drybath by Thermo Fisher Scientific Bath reaches a maximum temperature of 95°C and stores 10 pre-set programs with up to 10 steps per program; ideal in DNA extractions, enzymatic reactions, reagent warming and cooling
CORIO CD Refrigerated and Heating Circulator for internal and external applications with a filling volume of 3-4 liters ideal in low-temperature control samples Julabo CORIO CD-201F Refrigerated and Heating Circulator Julabo CORIO CD-201F Refrigerated and Heating applications: measuring cells, refractometers, polarimeters, photometers, viscometers, fermenters, electrophoresis chambers, rotary evaporators, chromatography columns and more
Ideal for sample heating, thawing, thermal reactions and sample incubation, Flexi-Therm Dry Block Heater reaches up to 99.9°C; requires heated modules VITL Flexi-Therm Dry Block Heater Designed for sample heating, thawing, thermal reactions and sample incubation. Reaches 99.9°C.
myBath Digital Water Baths by Benchmark Scientific feature high-efficiency insulation for temperature stability and uniformity in heating reagents and samples myBath Digital Water Baths by Benchmark Scientific Select models of myBath Digital Water Baths include tube racks, drains and removable gable tubes
Digital Dry Bath D with an average heating rate of 20 mins. holds two full blocks; includes a block lifter, plastic lid and plug Compact Digital Dry Bath by Thermo Fisher Scientific Compact, economical dry baths come in single-block or dual-block models. Average heating rate of 20 minutes.
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